Sammendrag
Denne oppgaven omhandler faktorer som fremmer eller hindrer implementering av ny teknologi i en medisinsk kontekst. Implementering av impedansspektroskopi, celleundersøkelse, er undersøkt ved intervju av studieobjekter ved Haukeland universitetssykehus, Universitetet i Bergen og Høgskolen i Bergen. Det ble gjennomført 10 intervjuer. Casestudien fokuserer på kriterier i forhold til organisasjon, innovasjon og marked. Funnene i denne studien viser at det er lite kunnskap om innovasjonsprosesser i offentlig helse-, forsknings- og utdanningssektor. I tillegg er implementeringsaktivitet av ny teknologi avhengig av omfanget av metoden som skal innføres. Undersøkelsen identifiserer ulike faktorer med fremmende effekt på implementering av ny eller forbedret teknologi. Samtidig drøftes implementeringshindringer med mulige ringvirkninger på de aktuelle organisasjonene.
The current study has examined if there are factors that stimulate or hinder implementation of new technologies in the official health service. The basis for this investigation is based upon the technology of impedance spectroscopy for cell analysis established in research already today, but not used in clinical settings yet. This method includes real time and label-free measurements of cell properties over defined time periods. Implementation of this method in patient’s diagnostic and prognostic development is part of the treatment. The technology seems to have potential for giving information about individually adapted medication, pretested medicine dose or as an effective study at a cellular level as part of the humane organism. Analysis of observational- and interview data collected from individuals at Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen and Bergen University College reveals a generally misinterpretation of the innovation term. This empirical study argues that there are little knowledge about that innovation process and that leads to low and random innovation effectiveness. Generally, the numbers of implementation of innovative ideas depend on the implementation willingness of the organization and the extent of the implemented subject. Introduction of complex technologies such as impedance spectroscopy requires a driving force with high interdisciplinary knowledge and skills. The gathered data in this thesis suggest that the creativity and implementation willingness of the individual employee at a low hierarchical level is relatively high. At the same time, the organizational framework conditions represent a barrier for realization of new innovative ideas, methods and technologies. Data analysis in this thesis shows that the way for implementation activity goes from bottom to top in the organization for all three institutions. Discrepancy between organizational failure and innovation needs results in an increasing number of commercialization attempts in organizations as shown in this thesis. The study identifies various factors with promoting effect on implementation of new and improved technology. Simultaneously, several factors making impacts hindering innovations are discussed.