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dc.date.accessioned2022-11-18T17:26:27Z
dc.date.available2022-11-18T17:26:27Z
dc.date.created2022-10-17T18:35:00Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationTiwari, Sweta Cerin, Ester Wilsgaard, Tom Løvsletten, Ola Njølstad, Inger Grimsgaard, Sameline Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter Schirmer, Henrik Rosengren, Annika Kristoffersen, Kathrine Løchen, Maja-Lisa . Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study. SSM - Population Health. 2022, 19
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10852/97671
dc.description.abstractIntroduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability and living in areas with low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of CVD. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol use are main risk factors that contribute to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. The potential impact of area-level socio-economic status (ASES) on metabolic CVD risk factors via lifestyle behaviors independent of individual SES has not been investigated previously. Aims To estimate associations of ASES with CVD risk factors and the mediating role of lifestyle behaviors independent of individual-level SES. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 19,415 participants (52% women) from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015–2016) (Tromsø7). The exposure variable ASES was created by aggregating individual-level SES variables (education, income, housing ownership) at the geographical subdivision level. Individual-level SES data and geographical subdivision of Tromsø municipality (36 areas) were obtained from Statistics Norway. Variables from questionnaires and clinical examinations obtained from Tromsø7 were used as mediators (smoking, snuff, alcohol, and physical activity), while the outcome variables were body mass index (BMI), total/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes. Mediation and mediated moderation analysis were performed with age as a moderator, stratified by sex. Results ASES was significantly associated with all outcome variables. CVD risk factor level declined with an increase in ASES. These associations were mediated by differences in smoking habits, alcohol use and physical activity. The associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist circumference (women) were moderated by age, and the moderating effects were mediated by smoking and physical activity in both sexes. The largest mediated effects were seen in the associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio, with the mediators accounting for 43% of the observed effects. Conclusions Living in lower SES areas is associated with increased CVD risk due to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use and physical inactivity. These associations were stronger in women and among older participants.
dc.languageEN
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleLifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study
dc.title.alternativeENEngelskEnglishLifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study
dc.typeJournal article
dc.creator.authorTiwari, Sweta
dc.creator.authorCerin, Ester
dc.creator.authorWilsgaard, Tom
dc.creator.authorLøvsletten, Ola
dc.creator.authorNjølstad, Inger
dc.creator.authorGrimsgaard, Sameline
dc.creator.authorHopstock, Laila Arnesdatter
dc.creator.authorSchirmer, Henrik
dc.creator.authorRosengren, Annika
dc.creator.authorKristoffersen, Kathrine
dc.creator.authorLøchen, Maja-Lisa
cristin.unitcode185,53,82,0
cristin.unitnameKlinikk for indremedisin og lab fag
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1
dc.identifier.cristin2062223
dc.identifier.bibliographiccitationinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=SSM - Population Health&rft.volume=19&rft.spage=&rft.date=2022
dc.identifier.jtitleSSM - Population Health
dc.identifier.volume19
dc.identifier.pagecount0
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101241
dc.type.documentTidsskriftartikkel
dc.type.peerreviewedPeer reviewed
dc.source.issn2352-8273
dc.type.versionPublishedVersion
cristin.articleid101241
dc.relation.projectNFR/289440


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