| dc.description.abstract | In order to further the sustainability of renewable energy generation, the way land use is allocated must be considered. In the case of solar energy, land that is best used for photovoltaic power plants is often also best used for agriculture. Agri-PV, also referred to as agrivoltaics, APV, agriphotovoltaics, and solar sharing, is the combining of both agriculture and PV energy generation on the same piece of land and is one solution to this conflict of interests. However, in order to convince farmers, governing bodies, and the general public that agri-PV is a worthwhile investment, comprehensive modelling is required. In this paper, ray tracing with Radiance and bifacial_radiance is employed to create 6 models of agri-PV greenhouses located in Kjeller, Norway, consisting of 3 PV-array topologies and each with two different diffusive greenhouse covering materials. From these models energy yield is calculated, shadowing from the modules is mapped and measured, and the reduction in PAR (photosynthetic active radiation) in comparison to greenhouse grown tomatoes is calculated. In comparing the irradiance at ground level inside the simulated greenhouses, it is found that the transmission and diffusivity of the greenhouse covering has the highest influence on the amount of light entering the greenhouse. The effect of shading from the modules is also reduced due to the presence of a diffusive cover, while the amount of light reflected to the rear cells of the simulated bifacial modules are affected by both the diffusive cover and the tilt of the modules, with PV-array tilted at a summer-favoring 45° receiving the highest yearly insolation and producing the most energy out of the 3 tested topologies. | eng |