Open, happy, and creating : A case study of a Norwegian ICT cluster with focus on individuals

Abstract

This thesis is the result of a case study concerning an industrial cluster in Telemark, Norway called IKT Grenland (IKTG). The intention is to shed light on an aspect of clusters that has not been considered important up until now, namely the individuals. The problem statement is: How does IKTG’s focus on individuals affect its very development in terms of forming a strong and robust cluster? Here I particularly look at some of the (social and cultural) processes that are going on in the very formation of the cluster. I look at the development from when the cluster managers decided on this strategy, and the effects of that decision in terms of building the cluster. This is important to take a closer look at in order to provide a fuller picture of what a cluster is. The individual has not been a focus within cluster research and I believe this is a shortcoming as all clusters are ultimately built up of individuals. My goal is not to criticize existing research but to add another element. The empirical material has been collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and participation at a cluster conference. The main result of the study is that the focus on individuals has been a crucial part of IKTG’s success. But the large variety of people that became active also caused challenges as they all need to pull in the same direction. By using the analytical concepts “translations” and “boundary objects” I provide insight into how the processes of “negotiation” between individuals happen and how it is possible for them to cooperate and communicate. I also point out the importance of a common culture based on common values, and the leaders’ role in both introducing and maintaining the culture. This thesis shows the importance of a clear strategy as a guideline to cluster activities but also underlines that there is a need for dynamism in clusters, in both strategy and structure.