Connectivity enhancement due to film flow in porous media

Abstract

We study the effects of connectivity enhancement due to film flow phenomena on the drainage of an artificial porous medium and the relative influence of gravity for such effects. The medium is initially fully saturated with a liquid (wetting phase), which is displaced by air (nonwetting phase). Our setup allows us to directly visualize the dynamics of the flow and, in particular, to pinpoint which pore invasion events are due to film flow phenomena. We have observed the formation of an active zone behind the liquid-air interface, inside which film flow drainage events are more likely to occur. Understanding the basic mechanisms of film flow in artificial porous media is of relevance for the analysis of real three-dimensional porous systems, in which gravity cannot be neglected and film flow is bound to be present.