Improving Cancer Preventive Behaviors: A Randomized Trial of Tailored Lifestyle Feedback in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Abstract

Background: Cancer screening provides an opportunity to increase awareness of cancer-preventive lifestyle behaviors such as nonsmoking, physical activity, low alcohol consumption, and a healthy diet. We tested the effect of standardized, individually tailored written feedback (TF), and a standard leaflet (SL) on 1-year lifestyle behaviors in a colorectal cancer screening setting. Methods: A total of 3,642 men and women aged 50–74 years invited to sigmoidoscopy screening were randomly assigned to: (i) TF; (ii) SL for cancer-preventive lifestyle behaviors; or (iii) control. Participants were mailed two self-reported lifestyle questionnaires (LSQ) 1 year apart. The TF intervention was based on the prescreening LSQ answers. We analyzed differences [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] by comparing prescreening to 1-year follow-up of single cancer-preventive factors and the number of cancer-preventive lifestyle behaviors (range 0–4) between the groups by multivariable logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: A total of 1,054 screening participants without neoplastic findings (29% of those invited to screening) were included in this study. Participants in the TF group increased their number of cancer-preventive lifestyle behaviors significantly compared with those in the control group by 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.19). Overweight/obese individuals in the TF group had a −0.84 kg (95% CI, −1.47 to −0.22) larger reduction in body weight compared with the control group. Conclusions: TF at sigmoidoscopy screening led to small improvements in cancer-preventive behaviors.