In Vitro Toxicity of BisGMA (Bowen´s resin)

Abstract

Restorative dental materials, like composite, are widely used in dentistry. 2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-metharyloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane (BisGMA) is one of the most used methacrylate monomer in composite materials. Methacrylate monomers can leach from the tooth and into oral cavity. Also, it has been found methacrylate monomers in the air in the dental practice. Those monomers indicate to enter the human body and may enter the respiratory organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BisGMA on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells). Phase contrast microscope and MTT assay were used to detect the effect of BisGMA on BEAS-2B cell viability. In addition, Hoechst 33342 and PI staining assay, flow cytometer and western blot were used to analyze the cause of changes in cell viability and the DNA damage response activity. Exposure to BisGMA reduced the viability of the BEAS-2B cells as a result of increased necrosis. There were no alteration of the cell cycle and no increase in the activity of the DNA-damage response proteins. The results indicate that BisGMA is cytotoxic to BEAS-2B cells in a concentration and time dependent manner. This study could not detect DNA-damage in the exposed cells, but membrane damage is suggested as an initial event.