IR-UWB Receiver Front-End for WSN Applications
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- Institutt for informatikk [4956]
Abstract
Ultra-wideband (UWB) has emerged as a very promising technology for short-range communication systems. The ultrashort duration of UWB waveforms gives rise to the potential ability to provide high-precision ranging and localization. Accurate distance measurements between sensor nodes used for localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are very attractive for advanced wireless health-care applications. Over the years, several localization methods like received signal strength intensity (RSSI), angle of arrival (AoA) and time based approaches such as time-of-arrival (ToA) and time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) exist for distance measurement between sensor nodes. The dominant RSSI is simply estimating the node distance by measuring the strength of the received signal. However, precision is too low with this method. ToA ranging approach is simple but require synchronization to give good precision. Clock synchronization between the transceivers is limiting the accuracy of the ToA estimation and hence increases the design challenges of the UWB ranging system. To our best knowledge no high-precision localization solution suitable for in-body tracking is reported.Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) has been an interesting area of research for lowpower short-range applications. Several studies indicate time-of-flight (ToF) measurements combined with the good temporal resolution of IR-UWB can give good precision. Typical distances between sensor nodes are in the order of ten meters that requires distance measurement is approximately one centimeter. Since radio waves propagate with approximately the speed of light, the time differences of less than 30 ps are required. With traditional clock driven circuit solutions, we need a clock rate of more than 30 GHz, which is not easy in standard technology. Using the new circuit solutions that are still in digital value but continuous in time (Continuous-Time Binary Value–CTBV), it is possible to find effective solutions for precise distance measurement in combination with communication, all are integrated on a single chip.
The main goal of this thesis is to develop an IR-UWB receiver front-end covering the frequency band of 3–5 GHz for the CTBV ranging system. The front-end consists of an antenna, a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter, a downconversion quadrature mixer, a low-pass filter, a differential-to-single-ended converter and a continuous-time quantizer. These building blocks are assembled with other circuit elements of a functional impulse-based radio chip that is demonstrated at short distances. To reduce complexity and to minimize the power consumption, the proposed IR-UWB receiver front-end has been implemented as an energy threshold detector. The quantizer with tunable threshold acts as a single-bit ADC is implemented as a demodulation function. By avoiding using external components as well as high frequency sampling clock, the IR-UWB receiver front-end consumes less power and fully integrated is possible. The proposed IR-UWB receiver front-end is suitable for high-precision low-power low data-rate communication over a relative short range for WSN applications such as ranging and localization.
List of papers
Paper I: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, and Tor Sverre Lande. An Inductorless 3-5 GHz Band-Pass Filter with Tunable Center Frequency in 90 nm CMOS. IEEE ISCAS 2013. The 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 1-4, May 19-23, 2013, Beijing, China. Copyright 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2013.6572088 |
Paper II: Tuan Anh Vu, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, and Tor Sverre Lande. A 3-5 GHz IR-UWB Receiver Front-End for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE ISCAS 2013. The 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 1-4, May 19-23, 2013, Beijing, China. Copyright 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2013.6572357 |
Paper III: Tuan Anh Vu and Tor Sverre Lande. A Continuous-Time Differential Single-Bit Quantizer for IR-UWB Receivers IEEE ICUWB 2013 The 2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra Wideband, pp. 1-4, September 15-18, 2013, Sydney, Australia, accepted. The paper is removed from the thesis in DUO. |
Paper IV: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande, and Svein Erik Hamran. A Variable-Gain Single-Bit Ultra-Wideband Quantizer for Baseband Receiver Front-End. IEEE APCCAS 2012. The 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-4577-1728-4, pp. 483-486, December 2-5, 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The paper is removed from the thesis in DUO due to publisher restrictions. The published version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS.2012.6419077 |
Paper V: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande, and Svein Erik Hamran. An Inductorless 6-Path Band-Pass Filter with Tunable Center Frequency for UWB Applications. IEEE ICUWB 2012. The 2012 IEEE International Conference on Ultra Wideband, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-4577-2031-4, pp. 164-167, September 17-20, 2012, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2012.6340442 |
Paper VI: Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Tuan-Anh Vu, Øivind Næss, and Tor Sverre Lande. Continuous-Time High-Precision IR-UWB Ranging- System in 90 nm CMOS. IEEE A-SSCC 2012. The 2012 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1- 4673-2769-5, pp. 349-352, November 12-14, 2012, Kobe, Japan. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSCC.2012.6570786 |
Paper VII: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande and Svein Erik Hamran. An Ultra-Wideband, Continuous-Time, Differential, Single-Bit Quantizer in 90 nm CMOS. IEEE MWSCAS 2011. The 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-61284-855-6, pp. 1-4, August 7-10, 2011, Seoul, South Korea. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2011.6026680 |
Paper VIII: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande and Svein Erik Hamran. A 70-dB, 3.1-10.6-GHz CMOS Amplifier in Low-Power 90 nm CMOS. IEEE MWSCAS 2011. The 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-61284-855-6, pp. 1-4, August 7-10, 2011, Seoul, South Korea. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2011.6026639 |
Paper IX: Tuan Anh Vu, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Malihe Zarre Dooghabadi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande and Svein Erik Hamran. Continuous-Time CMOS Quantizer for Ultra-Wideband Applications. IEEE ISCAS 2010. The 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-4244-5308-5, pp. 3757-3760, May 30-June 2, 2010, Paris, France. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2010.5537745 |
Paper X: Tuan Anh Vu, Malihe Zarre Dooghabadi, Shanthi Sudalaiyandi, Håkon A. Hjortland, Øivind Næss, Tor Sverre Lande and Svein Erik Hamran. UWB Vivaldi Antenna for Impulse Radio Beamforming. IEEE NORCHIP 2009. The 27th Norchip Conference, IEEE conference proceedings ISBN 978-1-4244-4311-6, pp. 1-5, November 16-17, 2009, Trondheim, Norway. https://doi.org/10.1109/NORCHP.2009.5397796 |