Risiko for smitte med Hepatitt B, -C og HIV i og utenfor sykehus.

Abstract

Abstract Risk for transmission with Hepatitis-B, -C and HIV infection in hospitals and outside hospital areas.

At the Department of Infectious Diseases at Ullevål University Hospital, testing and attending after sharp injuries and other exposures with potential risk for transmission with HIV and viral hepatitis infection is done. Health care employees, social workers in institutions for drug addicts, the police and employees in prisons are at risk for transmission of infection through their work. Risk of transmission through work typically happens when there is sharp injuries with blood contaminated equipments. Outside hospital areas people are exposed for potential risk that have sex with partners infected with HIV or viral hepatitis, or accidentally cut themselves on syringes on the streets. In the period 2000-2005, 236 persons were attended after accidental exposition. 118, 48 % of the sources were carriers. 11, 5 % had neither HIV nor viral hepatitis, 107 (45 %) had unknown carrier status. The carriers included Hepatitis C (HC): 65, HIV (Hiv):48, and Hepatitis B (HB): 22. This gave prevalence among the sources of: HC: 28 %, HIV:20 % HB: 9.0 %. This is significantly higher than the prevalence in the general Norwegian population. 17 sources had double infection: HBV and HCV: 10 (4 %), HBV and HIV: 2 (1 %), or HCV and HIV: 5 (2 %). Actions followed after risk evaluation. Approximately 50 % received post expositional prophylaxis (PEP). PEP was vaccine against HB, HB immunoglobulin and antiHIV medication. When there was a documented risk for exposure to a carrier of HIV or HB, the percentage receiving treatment was higher; 75 %. Highest treatment rate was for those not priorly vaccinated against HB who where exposed for HB infected blood. 83% of them received PEP. For the first bloood test, 0-test, 96% where represented. Blood tests at 6 weeks and 3 months were obtained from near 70 % and after 6 months from 60 %. 84 % had one or more follow up blood tests. One person was infected with HCV, none with HB or HIV.