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dc.date.accessioned2013-03-12T12:23:51Z
dc.date.available2013-03-12T12:23:51Z
dc.date.issued2008en_US
dc.date.submitted2008-12-11en_US
dc.identifier.citationHolten, Aleksander Talgøy. Synthesis, release and uptake of transmitter amino acids at central nervous synapses. Doktoravhandling, University of Oslo, 2008en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10852/28580
dc.description.abstractSignalmolekylene i hjernen kan enten stimulere eller hemme nabocellene. Det viktigste stimulerende signalmolekylet er glutamat. Holten og medarbeidere legger i denne avhandlingen fram data som bekrefter at også aspartat er et stimulerende signalmolekyl. Aspartat frigjøres fra både stimulerende og hemmende nerveender og regulerer sannsynligvis signaloverføringen ved disse kontaktpunktene. Det er trolig at aspartatfrigjøring kan indusere læring ved å styrke kommunikasjonen mellom naboceller.<br><br> Aspartat dannes fra glutamat som igjen dannes fra aminosyren glutamin via enzymet fosfataktivert glutaminase. Holten og medarbeidere har vist at dannelsen av både aspartat og glutamat, såvel som av den hemmende transmitteren GABA, er avhengig av dette enzymet. <br><br> Stimulerende signalmolekyler er giftige for hjernen hvis det blir for høy konsentrasjoner utenfor cellene. Derfor finnes det egne transportører som pumper aspartat og glutamat inn i cellene. Holten og medarbeidere har vist at også andre transportsystemer, som primært transporterer råstoffer for cellestoffskiftet deltar. Dette er antagelig særlig viktig i sykelige tilstander som hjerneinfarkt og epilepsi.nor
dc.description.abstractGlutamate is the most prevalent excitatory amino acid. It is demonstrated in this thesis that aspartate, which has excitatory effects, is released by regulated exocytosis in the same manner as glutamate.<br><br> We show that aspartate is a transmitter not only at excitatory synapses, but also at inhibitory GABAergic synapses, where it has an effect on NMDA receptor. Aspartate probably has a modulating effect on signal transmission through these receptors.<br><br> An excessive activation of the NMDA receptors could lead to cell death. The transmitters must therefore be removed from the receptors. This is primarily done by the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) in astrocytic and neuronal cell membranes around the synapse. We establish that a low-affinity transport system present in astrocytes contributes if the extracellular amino acid concentration is high. This transport is probably driven by the Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter.<br><br> The amino acid glutamine serves as a precursor of transmitter glutamate, aspartate and GABA. During synaptic activity glutamine is released from the astrocytes and then transported into active nerve terminals, in which it is converted to glutamate, aspartate or GABA.eng
dc.language.isonoben_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper I Holten, A.T., Morland C., Nordengen, K., & Gundersen,V. Vesicular release of L- and Daspartate from hippocampal nerve terminals: immunogold evidence. Submitted. The paper is not available in DUO.
dc.relation.haspartPaper II Gundersen,V., Holten, A.T., & Storm-Mathisen, J. GABAergic synapses in hippocampus exocytose aspartate on to NMDA receptors: quantitative immunogold evidence for co-transmission. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 26, 156-165 (2004). The paper is not available in DUO. The published version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2004.01.017
dc.relation.haspartPaper III Holten, A.T. & Gundersen,V. Glutamine as a precursor for transmitter glutamate, aspartate and GABA in the cerebellum: a role for phosphate-activated glutaminase. J. Neurochem. 104, 1032-1042 (2008) The paper is not available in DUO. The published version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05065.x
dc.relation.haspartPaper IV Holten, A.T., Danbolt, N.C., Shimamoto K., & Gundersen, V. Low-affinity excitatory amino acid uptake in hippocampal astrocytes: a possible role of Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporters. Glia 56, 990-997 (2008) The paper is not available in DUO. The published version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20672
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2004.01.017
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05065.x
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20672
dc.titleSynthesis, release and uptake of transmitter amino acids at central nervous synapsesen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.date.updated2008-12-12en_US
dc.creator.authorHolten, Aleksander Talgøyen_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::710en_US
cristin.unitcode131000en_US
cristin.unitnameMedisinske basalfagen_US
dc.identifier.bibliographiccitationinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.au=Holten, Aleksander Talgøy&rft.title=Synthesis, release and uptake of transmitter amino acids at central nervous synapses&rft.inst=University of Oslo&rft.date=2008&rft.degree=Doktoravhandlingen_US
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:no-20864en_US
dc.type.documentDoktoravhandlingen_US
dc.identifier.duo87898en_US
dc.contributor.supervisorDr. Vidar Gundersenen_US
dc.identifier.bibsys082880522en_US
dc.identifier.fulltextFulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/28580/1/DUO_708_Holten.pdf


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