The future of the Norwegian offshore wind-power industry; : A choice between production of energy or production of technology and competence?

Abstract

Offshore wind-parks have been in operation since the 1990s. Recent estimates for Norwegian offshore wind-power suggest a potential of up to 14 000 TWh. Yet, only one wind turbine has actually been placed in Norwegian waters; a floating demonstration turbine. This development is in stark contrast to the emphasis on offshore wind-power in some of the neighbouring countries. Thus, it is safe to assume that some of the basic premises for the development of offshore wind-power are not met in Norway.

Inspired by the theoretical framework of Functions of Technology-specific Innovation Systems approach, this study aims to identify key political issues that need to be addressed in order to develop a successful Norwegian offshore wind-power innovation system.

The findings indicate a high degree of technology push, combined with a lack of demand pull. A lack of coordinated planning on an aggregate level, taking industrial as well energy concerns into consideration, is clear. Furthermore, there is a need to develop the possibilities both for energy-supply as well as for technology- and competence-supply, since these development paths reinforce each other. However, in particular due to growing markets, the prospects of becoming a major technology- and competence-supplier appear most promising.