Carbon dioxide capture and storage : hindrances for implementation in Norway

Abstract

This paper is an actor-network theory-based analysis of the hindrances for implementation of carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage, CCS, as a climate mitigation initiative in Norway. It uses the Norwegian projects Kårstø, Mongstad, Tjeldbergodden/Halten/Draugen, Sleipner and Snøhvit as the basis for a discussion of the relevant technologies, obstacles, policies, rhetoric and realities. CCS is a possible way to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. We need an emission reduction of this and other green house gasses to reduce the accelerating problem of global warming caused by our activity and consumption. A global warming already started which will lead to large scale global changes in not only climate, but subsequently also flora, fauna, habitability and sustainability for the entire world. The paper is written in a science, technology and society, STS, perspective. It is based on various scientific papers, interviews and conversations with representatives from industry and government who in different ways are employed with CCS questions. These professionals contribute with varied perspectives and supplement available literature. The principle of CO2 value chains is discussed using the recently cancelled HaltenCO2 as an example. Furthermore, CCS is also seen for its use in a rhetorical sense and how this benefits companies without having to physically implement CCS. The Norwegian State, a multi faceted actor, is discussed in light of its multiple roles and diverging responsibilities. This paper sees CCS as possible and necessary, but difficult to implement within current global political frameworks and national and international commercial settings. Based on the observed obstacles barring implementation of CCS the question of whether some of these obstacles come as consequences of systemic faults in our society is also asked.