Toxic Residues in Fluid Commons: More-Than-Economic Dispossession and Shipbreaking in Coastal Bangladesh

Abstract

This article examines processes of ‘more-than-economic dispossession’ arising from pollution in the interconnected forests, tides, canals, rivers and humid airs – the fluid commons – of the shipbreaking region Sitakunda. It ethnographically explores how minority Zele fishermen and shipbreaking workers are experiencing three interrelated forms of ‘more-than-economic’ dispossession. First, extra-economic means of accumulating profits by dismantling ships in cheaper countries enables dispossession by pollution in coastal ecologies. Second, more-than-economic points to the structures of political power inequalities making marginalised Bangladeshis exposed to toxics in ways that cannot be economically compensated. Lastly, more-than-economic draws on ‘more-than-human’ ethnographies: affective experiences of sensing, tasting, hearing and smelling pollution reveal how toxic residues biophysically damage the health of both human and more-than-human, resulting in the loss of ability to ‘sustain life’. It thus joins the growing body of anthropological scholarship that expands on pollution as ‘matter out of place’ by taking its materiality seriously.