Sink versus tilt penetration into shaken dry granular matter: The role of the foundation

Abstract

We study the behavior of cylindrical objects as they sink into a dry granular bed fluidized due to lateral oscillations. Somewhat unexpectedly, we have found that, within a large range of lateral shaking powers, cylinders with flat bottoms sink vertically, while those with a “foundation” consisting of a shallow ring attached to their bottom, tilt besides sinking. The latter scenario seems to dominate independently from the nature of the foundation when strong enough lateral vibrations are applied. We are able to explain the observed behavior by quasi-2D numerical simulations, which also demonstrate the influence of the intruder's aspect ratio. The vertical sink dynamics is explained with the help of a Newtonian equation of motion for the intruder. Our findings may shed light on the behavior of buildings and other manmade structures during earthquakes.